| Formatted contents note |
Machine generated contents note: -- *=New to this Edition -- Each chapter ends with Further Readings. -- Preface -- Introduction: On the Nature of Morality -- PART I. THE NATURE OF MORALITY: Good and Evil -- 1. What Is the Purpose of Morality? -- William Golding, Lord of the Flies: A Moral Allegory -- Louis P. Pojman, On the Nature and Purpose of Morality: Reflections on William Golding's Lord of the Flies -- Thomas Hobbes, On the State of Nature -- 2. Good and Evil -- Herman Melville, Billy Budd -- Fyodor Dostoevsky, Why Is There Evil? -- William Styron, Sophie's Choice -- Philip Hallie, From Cruelty to Goodness -- Stanley Benn, Wickedness -- Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil -- Richard Taylor, On the Origin of Good and Evil -- 3. Is Everything Relative? -- Herodotus, Custom Is King -- Ruth Benedict, The Case for Moral Relativism -- James Rachels, Why Morality Is Not Relative -- Jean Bethke Elshtain, Judge Not? -- Mary Midgley, On Trying Out One's New Sword -- Henrick Ibsen, The Enemy of the People -- PART II. MORAL THEORIES AND MORAL CHARACTER -- 4. Utilitarianism -- Seaman Holmes and the Longboat of William Brown, Reported by John William Wallace -- Jeremy Bentham, Classical Utilitarianism -- John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism Refined -- Kai Nielsen, A Defense of Utilitarianism -- Bernard Williams, Against Utilitarianism -- Ursula Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas -- 5. Deontological Ethics -- Immanuel Kant, iThe Moral Law -- William K. Frankena, Kant's Theory -- W. D. Ross, Intuitionism -- R. M. MacIver, The Deep Beauty of the Golden Rule -- Richard Whatley, A Critique of the Golden Rule -- Ambrose Bierce, A Horseman in the Sky -- Charles Fried, The Evil of Lying -- Plato, Does Morality Depend on Religion? -- * James Rachels, The Divine Command Theory -- * Carl Dennis, New Year's Eve -- Thomas Nagel,Moral Luck -- 6. Virtue Ethics -- Alasdair MacIntyre, The Virtues -- Aristotle, Virtue Ethics -- Bernard Mayo, Virtue and the Moral Life -- J.O. Urmson, Saints and Heroes -- Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Great Stone Face -- William Frankena, A Critique of Virtue-Based Ethical Systems -- Jesus of Nazareth, The Sermon on the Mount; The Good Samaritan -- Leo Tolstoy, How Much Land Does a Man Need? Greed -- Immanuel Kant, Jealousy, Malice, and Ingratitude -- Martin Gansberg, Moral Cowardice -- Epictetus and Others, The Stoic Catechism -- Vice Admiral James Stockdale, The World of Epictetus: Courage and Endurance -- * 7. Feminist Ethics and the Ethics of Care -- * Alison Jaggar, Feminist Ethics -- * Jan Crosthwaite, Gender and Bioethics -- * Annette C. Baier, The Need for More Than Justice -- * Virginia Held, The Ethics of Care -- PART III. MORAL ISSUES -- 8. Ethics and Egoism: Why Should We Be Moral? -- Plato, The Ring of Gyges -- Ayn Rand, In Defense of Ethical Egoism -- Louis P. Pojman, Egoism and Altruism: A Critique of Ayn Rand -- James Rachels, A Critique of Ethical Egoism -- 9. Does Life Have Meaning? -- Voltaire, The Good Brahmin -- Epicurus, Hedonism -- Albert Camus, Life Is Absurd -- Louis P. Pojman, Religion Gives Meaning to Life -- Viktor Frankl, The Human Search for Meaning: Reflections on Auschwitz -- Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, The Four Noble Truths -- Bertrand Russell, Reflections on Suffering -- 10. Freedom, Autonomy, and Self-Respect -- Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream -- Stanley Milgram, An Experiment in Autonomy -- Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialism Is a Humanism -- Thomas E. Hill, Jr., Servility and Self-Respect -- Kurt Vonnegut, Harrison Bergeron -- PART IV. APPLIED ETHICS: Moral Problems -- 11. Sex, Love, and Marriage -- Immanuel Kant, On the Place of Sex in Human Existence -- John McMurtry, Monogamy: A Critique -- Michael D. Bayles, Marriage, Love, and Procreation: A Critique of McMurtry -- Bonnie Steinbock, What's Wrong with Adultery? -- C. S. Lewis, We Have No "Right to Happiness" -- Jane English, What Do Grown Children Owe Their Parents? -- Michael Levin, Why Homosexuality Is Abnormal -- John Corvino, A Defense of Homosexuality -- 12. Is Abortion Morally Permissible? -- Don Marquis, Why Abortion Is Immoral -- Judith Jarvis Thomson, A Defense of Abortion -- Mary Anne Warren, Abortion Is Morally Permissible -- Jane English, The Moderate Position: Beyond the Personhood Argument -- * Susan Sherwin, Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens -- 13. The Morality of Euthanasia -- Dan W. Brock, Voluntary Active Euthanasia -- J. Gay-Williams, The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia -- James Rachels, Active and Passive Euthanasia -- 14. Our Duties to Animals -- George Orwell, Shooting an Elephant -- Peter Singer, Animal Liberation: All Animals Are Equal -- Carl Cohen, The Case Against Animal Rights -- 15. Our Duties to the Environment -- Robert Heilbroner, What Has Posterity Ever Done for Me? -- Garrett Hardin, The Tragedy of the Commons -- William F. Baxter, People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution -- 16. Global Economic Justice -- * Garrett Hardin, Living on a Lifeboat -- * William W. Murdoch and Allan Oaten, A Critique of Lifeboat Ethics -- * Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence, and Morality -- * Louis P. Pojman, World Hunger and Population -- Appendix: How to Read and Write a Philosophy Paper -- Index. |
